Úloha 2.2.10. $f\left[A\cup B\right] = f\left[A\right]\cup f\left[B\right]$, $f^{-1}(A\cup B)=f^{-1}(A)\cup f^{-1}(B)$

Moderators: Martin Sleziak, TomasRusin, Veronika Lackova, davidwilsch, jaroslav.gurican

Post Reply
alex.diko
Posts: 8
Joined: Sun Nov 19, 2023 10:13 pm

Úloha 2.2.10. $f\left[A\cup B\right] = f\left[A\right]\cup f\left[B\right]$, $f^{-1}(A\cup B)=f^{-1}(A)\cup f^{-1}(B)$

Post by alex.diko »

Úloha 2.2.10. Dokážte: $f\left[A\cup B\right] = f\left[A\right]\cup f\left[B\right]$, $f^{-1}(A\cup B)=f^{-1}(A)\cup f^{-1}(B)$.

1.) $f\left[A\cup B\right] = f\left[A\right]\cup f\left[B\right]$.
Z definicíe $\textbf{2.2.19.}$ sa vlastne snažíme dokázať $\left\{f(a);a\in A\cup B\right\}=
\left\{f(a);a\in A\right\}\cup
\left\{f(a);a\in B\right\}$

$$
\begin{align*}
y\in\left\{f(a);a\in A\cup B\right\} &\Leftrightarrow \\
(\exists a)(a\in A\cup B \;\wedge\; y=f(a)) &\Leftrightarrow \\
(\exists a)((a\in A\vee a\in B) \;\wedge\; y=f(a)) &\Leftrightarrow (\mathrm{definícia}\:\cup) \\
(\exists a)((a\in A\wedge y=f(a) )
\;\vee \; (a\in B \wedge y=f(a))\;)&\Leftrightarrow(\mathrm{distributívnosť}\:\wedge\: \mathrm{nad}\:\vee)\\
(\exists a)(a\in A\wedge y=f(a))\;\vee\;
(\exists a)(a\in B \wedge y=f(a)) &\Leftrightarrow(\mathrm{"distributívnosť"}\: \exists \: \mathrm{nad}\:\vee)\\
y\in \left\{f(a);a\in A\right\}\;\vee \;
y\in\left\{f(a);a\in B\right\} &\Leftrightarrow(\mathrm{definícia\ obrazu})\\
y\in \left\{f(a);a\in A\right\} \cup\left\{f(a);a\in B\right\}&\;(\mathrm{definícia}\:\cup)\\
Q.E.D. (\text{Definícia 2.2.1.})
\end{align*}
$$

2.) $f^{-1}(A\cup B)=f^{-1}(A)\cup f^{-1}(B)$
Predpokladajme, že $f:X\rightarrow Y$
Chceme dokázať $\{x\in X; f(x)\in A\cup B \} = \{x\in X; f(x)\in A \}\cup \{x\in X; f(x)\in B \}$

$$
\begin{align*}
x \in \{x\in X; f(x)\in A\cup B \} &\Leftrightarrow\\
x\in X \;\wedge\; f(x) \in A \cup B &\Leftrightarrow\\
x\in X \;\wedge\; (f(x)\in A \vee f(x)\in B)&\Leftrightarrow(\mathrm{definícia}\:\cup)\\
(x\in X \wedge f(x)\in A) \;\vee\; (x\in X \wedge f(x) \in B)&\Leftrightarrow(\mathrm{distributívnosť}\:\wedge\: \mathrm{nad}\:\vee)\\
(x\in\{x\in X;f(x)\in A\}) \;\vee\; (x\in\{x\in X;f(x)\in B\})&\Leftrightarrow(\mathrm{definícia\ vzoru}\:)\\
x\in\{x\in X;f(x)\in A\}\cup \{x\in X;f(x)\in B\}&\;(\mathrm{definícia}\:\cup)\\
Q.E.D. (\text{Definícia 2.2.1.})
\end{align*}
$$
jaroslav.gurican
Posts: 206
Joined: Fri Aug 31, 2012 4:34 pm

Re: Úloha 2.2.10. $f\left[A\cup B\right] = f\left[A\right]\cup f\left[B\right]$, $f^{-1}(A\cup B)=f^{-1}(A)\cup f^{-1}(

Post by jaroslav.gurican »

OK, 1 bod

trochu som pozmenil popisy (len syntakticky, nie sémanticky)
Post Reply