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The number is part of the URL of the question.
@geraldedgar: No. URI (universal resource identifier) is a more general concept of which URL (uniform resource locator) is a special case.
Unknown G.: Why not just copy-paste the link to the question?
Sonia Balagopalan: Someone could edit the title of the question, but the number remains the same once you post it.
You're both right. The link could change, but the server ignores the stuff that comes after the number, so old links will still work:
http://mathoverflow.net/questions/12345/you-can-put-anything-you-want-here
The title is in the URL so that MO is Google-friendly. Google weights words in the URL heavily when deciding what the page is about.
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