This forum is certainly not appropriate for surveys, but the access we have to so many mathematicians suggests that the survey conducted by Hadamard in "The psychology of invention in the mathematical field" could be run again electronically. Perhaps there is no reason to do this, as the answers may not have changed much.
I wonder if this possibility has occurred to anyone else.
I am inclined to misuse of MO for the purpose of probing for intuitions about meta issues, and so won't post the question myself.
Another (related) question/problem I wonder about is this: Mathematics education seems to be concerned with our learning how to think like students, whereas it seems more appropriate for students (and us) to learn how to think like the masters. Compile a source of math education tips from expert mathematicians.
Obviously, the latter question shouldn't, as is, be asked.
Write the question up, and get Bill Thurston to post it.
Better yet, try to extract the information you want from similar questions posted by Tim Gowers and Thurston. I think Gil Kalai and Richard Stanley have posted questions that border the topic.
Gerhard "Reduce, Reuse, Recycle Questionable Content" Paseman, 2011.03.16
These are all good suggestions. One thing could perhaps be usefully gleaned from the survey I suggest: First, how have the habits/thinking patterns of mathematicians changed from then to now (e.g., is language more important now?)
What really interests me is the "behind the scenes" activity of mathematicians...as suggested in Bill Thurston's question linked to by Joseph O'Rourke above. I wonder if there is any direct advice on pedagogy that would bring us closer to what mathematicians, especially those of Thurston's caliber, actually do all day.
Thanks for the suggestions, all. I'm not going to post anything like this, yet. If anyone wants to, though, feel free.